TOEFL

culminate (in) - v. 최고[절정, 전성기]에 달하다, ~으로 끝나다 :: climax complete end up result in

dissuade - v. (설득하여) 단념시키다 :: discourage deter inhibit

exacerbate - v. 악화시키다 :: aggravate exasperate intensify worsen

extol - v. 격찬하다, 칭천하다 :: applaud commend exalt laud praise eulogize

perforate - v. 구멍을 뚫다, 꿰뚫다 :: penetrate pierce bore drill punch puncture

preordain - v. 예정하다, 미리 운명을 결정하다 :: determine (before) allot destine foreordain ordain predestine

testify - v. 증언하다, 입증하다 :: confirm give evidence to affirm assert state swear vouch

ominous - a. 불길한 (징조의), 험악한 :: threatening warning baleful baneful dire inauspicious

incipient - a. 처음의, 초기의, 시초의 :: beginning initial basic commencing elementary fundamental originating

tumultuous - a. 떠들썩한, 소란스러운, 무질서한 :: anarchic boisterous chaotic riotous wild turbulent

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